Techno-Economic Feasibility of the Longwall Top Coal Caving Method Based on the FTCD Index: A Parametric Case Study in India

An extraction method for deep-seated thick seam deposits by underground mining with high resource recovery has remained a great challenge Indian engineers, whereas the longwall top coal caving (LTCC) evolved as an effective various geo conditions in China and other counties. The percentage of (TCR) plays predominant role determining feasibility LTCC, which relies on First Top Coal Caving Distance (FTCD). In this paper, critical geotechnical parameters are identified, numerically simulated, statistically analyzed, FTCD geo-mining is developed validated. A financial assessment conducted, considering 70% at 85% performance level, cost production escalated 20% fall grade two grades. internal rate return (IRR) LTCC 30.24% per sensitivity analysis where it only 18% single pass method. This study contributes to evaluating both technical economic introducing conditions.